黄智勇简历

【因为百度百科不让本人更新资料, 特在此提供】

黄智勇 Zachary Y Huang

Department of Entomology

Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane Rm 243, East Lansing, MI 48824

Phone: 517-353-8136, Email: bees@msu.edu, Web : http://bees.msu.edu

 

终身教授, 博导

 

学历

1988    Ph.D., Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Canada

1982    B.Sc, Entomology and phytopathology, Hunan Agricultural University

经历

07/04 to present    副教授(with Tenure), Dept. of Entomology, Michigan State University

11/98 to 06/04       助理教授, Dept of Entomology, Michigan State University

08/93 to 10/98       高级研究员, Department of Entomology, University of Illinois

03/90 to 07/93       博士后, Dept of Entomology, University of Illinois

08/88 to 02/90       博士后, Dept of Entomology, University of Missouri

主要学术任职

美国农业部中北部蜜蜂项目主席(NCR202), 2004—2005

美国昆虫学会(ESA)蜜蜂和社会昆虫组(Cb)秘书,副主席,主席;1999-2001

海外中国昆虫学家协会主席, 2000 海外生态学家协会副主席, 1990

全美蜜蜂科学家学会主席(American Association of Professional Apiculturists), 2013

美国中西部养蜂协会 (Heartland Apicultural Society)董事会主席,2012-3017

昆虫科学 (Insect Science) 编委

Scientific Reports (Nature子刊)编委

 

会员

American Association for the Advanced of Sciences

American Association for Professional Apiculturists

Entomological Society of America

Eastern Apicultural Society (Life Member)

International Union for the Study of Social Insects

Michigan Beekeepers Association

获奖

Hambleton Award for Research Excellence in Apiculture, Eastern Apicultural Society, 2008

Roger A. Morse Apiculture Lecture, Dept Entomology, Cornell University, 2005

Outstanding mentor, Siemens Westinghouse Math, Science & Tech. Competition, 2003

Best Proposal Award, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, MSU, Oct 2001

 

国际经历

Teaching beekeeping in France (2002), Nepal (2007), Haiti (2011), Bangladesh (2012), and China

Scientific presentations in Australia, China, France, Germany, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, South Africa, Turkey, Spain

总科研经费

About $2.5 million total (2.5百万美元)

主要项目

 

Project (-grantor)

 

PI(s)

Begin

Date

End

Date

Total

Award

Huang

Award

2016
Protecting Pollinators with Economically Feasible and Environmentally Sound Ornamental Horticulture—NIFA-SCRI Huang 8/1/16 8/30/20 $5 mill $180,000
Indoor rearing of honey bees

-UIUC via DARPA

Huang 4/1/16 3/31/18 $2.3 mill $163,188
2015
Using vaccines to increase pollinator health: testing a honey bee Nosema vaccine

-NIFA exploratory grant

J. Nieh,

Huang

5/1/16 4/31/19 $100,000 $37,245
Changes in Pesticide Residues in Honey and Pollen in Michigan

-Bayer Crop Science

Huang 4/01/14 9/01/16 $21,924 $81,569
2011
Using RNAi as a method for controlling Varroa destructor

-National Honey Board

-Almond Board of California

-Foundation for the Preservation of Honey Bees

Huang

Z.Y. Xi

5/01/11 09/30/12 $20,190

$17,960

$14,850

$20,190

$17,960

$14,850

2008
Sustainable solutions to problems affecting health of managed bees
-USDA-CAP
Huang 9/01/08 8/30/14 $4.3 mill

(Delaplane)

$186,000
2006
Varroa mite biology and alternative methods for its control

– MSU Project GREEEN

Huang 3/01/06 6/30/07  $105,000 $105,000
2004
Pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Arachnids -USDA-NRI K. Dong

Huang

3/01/04 6/30/05  $145,000       $50,000
2002
Resistance management of the Varroa mite, the most serious pest of honey bees

– MSU Project GREEEN

Dong

Huang

3/01/02 9/30/05 $124,000 $62,000
Field test of an alternative method for controlling the most serious honey bee pest, the Varroa mite

– USDA-PMAP

Huang 3/01/02 9/30/05 $99,570 $99,570
Prototype development of a new device for controlling the most serious honey bee pest, the Varroa mite

– Michigan Universities Commercialization Initiatives (MUCI) Challenge Fund

Huang 3/01/02 9/30/04 $30,000 $30,000
2001
The role of melatonin in division of labor in honey bee workers

-Intramural Research Grants Program, MSU

Huang 3/01/01 9/30/03 $45,000 $45,000
1999
Infertility of Varroa on Apis cerana worker brood: physiological and genetic mechanisms

– USDA-Scientific Cooperation Program

Huang 3/01/99 9/30/02 $30,000 $30,000
Varroa mite control in Michigan: resistance, management, resistance mechanism and development of non-pesticide alternatives

– MSU Project GREEEN

Huang

Dong

3/01/99 6/30/02 $150,000 $75,000
1997
Mode of action of Nosema apis

-USDA-NRI

Huang 9/01/97 8/30/01 $100,000 $100,000

 

演讲

Presentations at Conferences and Universities

(A total of 245 presentations)

         Extension Presentations

(A total of 354 presentations reaching 27,304 person-hours)

摄影奖

         Second Prize, International Apicultural Photography Contest, 2006

Second Prize, International Apicultural Photography Contest, 2008

Third Place, MSU Global Focus Photography Contest, 2007

First Place, MSU Global Focus Photography Contest, 2010

文章

         SCI文章: 105 篇, google scholar总引用次数: 5856, H-指数 40, H10-指数 80.

Full publication list: http://bees.msu.edu/pub/

 

H指数

Google scholar: 39: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xp-pOcMAAAAJ&hl=en

Research ID: 31: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/D-5485-2011

 


High social impact papers, ranked by “Attention scores” by Altmetric, 28 or above represents top 5% in impacts.

Attention scores Link to altmetric Title
78 https://www.altmetric.com/details/799131 A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Bt Crops on Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
77 https://www.altmetric.com/details/4085508 Varroa destructor changes its cuticular hydrocarbons to mimic new hosts
64 https://www.altmetric.com/details/8762219 Why do Varroa mites prefer nurse bees?
28 https://www.altmetric.com/details/9562132 Socially selected ornaments influence hormone titers of signalers and receivers

 

所有SCI文章

105. Li, W., C. Wang, Z.Y. Huang, Y. Chen, R. Han. 2019. Reproduction of distinct Varroa destructor genotypes on honey bee worker brood. Insects. 10:372. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110372.《不同基因型狄斯瓦螨在蜜蜂工蜂房中的繁殖》,昆虫,2019.

104. Lau, P., V. Bryant, J.D. Ellis, Z.Y. Huang, J. Sullivan, D.R. Schmehl, A.R. Cabrera, J. Rangel. Seasonal variation of pollen collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera) in developed areas across four regions in the United States. PLOS ONE, 2019; 14 (6): e0217294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217294《美国四个城市化地区蜜蜂采集花粉的季节性变化》,PLOS ONE,2019.

103. Yang, W., C. Li C. Zhang, Z.Y. Huang, X. Miao. 2019. Pathway of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde formation in honey. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56: 2417–2425. 《蜂蜜中5-羟甲基-2-糠醛形成的途径》, 食品科学技术学报,2019.

102. Liu, F., T. Shi, L. Qi, X. Su, D. Wang, J. Dong, Z.Y. Huang*. 2019. lncRNA profile of Apis mellifera and its possible role in behavioural transition from nurses to foragers. BMC Genomics. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5664-7.《蜜蜂的lncRNA谱,及在哺育蜂到采集蜂行为转变中的可能作用》, BMC基因组学,2019.

101. Zhang, C.#, S. Pokhrel#, Z. Wu, X. Miao, Z. Y. Huang*, W. Yang*. 2019. Longevity, food consumption and foraging performance of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in mixed colonies. Apidologie. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-018-0626-7.《中、西蜂在混合群的寿命,食物消耗和采集性能比较》, 养蜂学,2019。

100. Fine, J.D.*, Shpigler, H.Y.*, A. Ray, N. J. Beach, A. Sankey, A. Cash-Ahmed, Z.Y. Huang, I. Astrauskaite, R. Chao, W. Streyer, H. Zhao, G. E. Robinson. 2018. Quantifying the effects of pollen nutrition on honey bee queen egg laying with a new laboratory-based system. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0203444. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0203444.《利用一个实验室的新系统评估花粉营养对蜂王产卵的影响》,PLoS ONE,2018.

99. Tibbetts*, M.L. Fearon, E. Wong, Z.Y. Huang, R.M. Tinghitella. 2018. Rapid juvenile hormone downregulation in subordinate wasp queens facilitates stable cooperation. Proc Roc Soc B. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2645. 《胡蜂次级蜂王中保幼激素的迅速下调有利于蜂群稳定合作》,皇家学会会议论文集B,2017.

98. Li, Y., L. Zhang, Y. Yi, W. Hu, Y. Guo, Z. Zeng, Z.Y. Huang, Z. Wang. 2017. Genome-wide DNA methylation changes associated with olfactory learning in Apis mellifera. Scientific Reports doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17046-1. 《全基因组DNA甲基化变化与蜜蜂学习中的嗅觉的相关》, 科学报告,2017.

97. Yang, W., Z. Wu., Z.Y. Huang*, X. Miao*, 2017 Preservation of orange juice using propolis. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54: 3375–3383. 《蜂胶在橙汁保鲜中的应用》, 食品科学技术学报,2017.

96. Liu, F., T. Shi, W. Yin, X. Su, L. Qi, Z.Y. Huang*, S. Zhang, L. Yu, B. Grace. 2017. The microRNA ame-miR-279a regulates sucrose responsiveness in forager honey bees (Apis mellifera). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 90: 34-42. 《microRNA ame-miR-279a对采集蜂蔗糖响应性的调节》,昆虫生物化学 与分子生物学,2017.

95. Huang, Z.Y., G. Bian, Z. Xi, X. Xie*, 2017. Genes important for survival or reproduction in Varroa destructor identified by RNAi. Insect Science, DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12513.《 用RNA干扰鉴定出的影响狄斯瓦螨存活或繁殖的重要基因》, 昆虫科学,2017.

94. Huang, Z.Y.*, S. Lin, K. Ahn. 2016. Methoprene does not affect juvenile hormone titers in honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers. Insect Sci. doi:10.1111/1744-7917.12411.《甲基异戊二烯不影响工蜂中的保幼激素浓度》,昆虫科学,2016.

93. Shpigler, S*, A. J. Siegel, Z.Y. Huang, Guy Bloch. 2016. No effect of juvenile hormone on task performance in a bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) supports an evolutionary link between endocrine signaling and social complexity. Hormones and Behavior. DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.08.004.《保幼激素对熊蜂的分工没有影 响 ,支持内分泌信号与社会复杂性之间的进化联系》,激素和行为,2016.

92. Tibbetts, E.A., K. Crocker, Z.Y. Huang. 2016. Socially selected ornaments influence hormone titers of signalers and receivers. PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1602707113. 《群体选择的装饰影响信号发送者和接收者的激素浓度》,美国国家科学 研究进展,2016.

91. Xie, X., Z.Y. Huang*, Z. Zeng. 2016. Why do Varroa mites prefer nurse bees? Scientific Reports DOI: 10.1038/srep28228 (Featured on MSU news, sciencedaily.com and 40 other news sites).《为什么狄斯瓦螨更喜欢哺育蜂?》, 科学报告,2016.

90. Chen, Y.-W., P.-S. Wu*, E.-C. Yang, Z.Y. Huang*. 2016. The impact of pyriproxyfen on the development of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in field. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 19: 589-594.《吡虫啉对田间蜜蜂群体发育的影响》, 亚太昆虫学杂志,2016.

89. Teichroew, J.L., J. Xu*, A. Ahrends, Z.Y. Huang, K. Tan, Z. Xie. 2016. Are bees at risk in China, one of the world’s largest providers of pollination ecosystem services? Biological Conservation, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.023.《作为世界上最大的授粉生态系统服务提供者之一,中国的蜜蜂有没有处于危险之中?》, 生物保护,2016.

88. Wang, Q., X. Xu, X. Zhu, L. Chen, S. Zhou, Z.Y. Huang*, B. Zhou*. 2016. Low-temperature stress during capped brood stage increases pupal mortality, disorientation and adult mortality in honey bees. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0154547. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154547. 《封盖期的低温胁迫增加了蜜蜂的蛹死亡率、迷失方向和成年死亡率》 ,PLoS ONE,2016.

87. Li, Z.Y., Y. Xue, B. Ren, Z. Wang, Z.Y. Huang*. 2016. Drone and worker brood microclimates are regulated deferentially in honey bees, Apis mellifera. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0148740. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148740.《蜜蜂的雄峰和工蜂房内微气候差异性调节》,PLoS ONE,2016。

86. Xie, X., S. Luo, Z.Y. Huang*. 2015. China invests two times as much as USA on honey bee research. F1000 Research. http://f1000r.es/5hi] F1000Research 4:291 (doi:10.12688/ f1000research. 6621.1) . 《中国在蜜蜂研究上的投资是美国的两倍》, F1000研究,2015.

85. Wang, Y., Y. Li*, Z.Y. Huang, X. Chen, J. Romeis, P. Dai, Y. Peng. 2015. Toxicological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses demonstrate that Cry1C and Cry2A are not toxic to larvae of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01662. 《毒理学,生化和组织病理学分析表明Cry1C和Cry2A对蜜蜂幼虫无毒》, 农业与食品化学杂志,2015.

84. Le Conte$, Y., Z.Y. Huang$*, M. Roux, Z.J. Zeng, J.-P. Christidès, A.G. Bagnères. 2015. Varroa destructor changes its cuticular hydrocarbons to mimic new hosts. Biology Letters 11: 20150233. ($co-first authors) (Featured on MSU news, discovery.com, sciencedaily.com, qz.com). 《狄斯瓦螨会改变其表皮碳氢化合物来模仿新寄主主》, 生物学通信,2015.

83. Huang, W.-F., L. Solter*, K.I. Aronstein, Z.Y. Huang. 2015. Infectivity and virulence of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis in commercially available North American honey bees. J. Invertebrate Pathology, 124: 107-113. 《北美蜜蜂中的Nosema ceranae和Nosema apis的感染力和毒力》, 无脊椎动物病理学杂志,2015.

82. Ihle, K.E., O. Rueppell., Z.Y. Huang, Y. Wang, M.K. Fondrk., R.E. Jr. Page., G.V. Amdam*. 2014. Genetic architecture of a hormonal response to gene knockdown in honey bees. Journal of Heredity, doi: 10.1093/jhered/esu086. 《蜜蜂对基因敲除激素反应的遗传结构》, 遗传杂志,2014.

81. Milbrath, M.O$, T. V. Tran$, W.-F. Huang, L.F. Solter, D.R. Tarpy, F.K. Lawrence, Z.Y. Huang*. 2014. Comparative virulence and competition between Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera). J. Invertebrate Pathology, doi:10.1016/j.jip.2014.12. 006. ($co-first authors).《蜜蜂中的Nosema ceranae和 Nosema apis的比较毒力和竞争》, 无脊椎动物病理学杂志,2014.

80. Shi, Y.Y., Z.Y. Huang, X.B. Wu, Z.L. Wang, W.Y. Yan, Z.J. Zeng*. 2014. Changes in alternative splicing in Apis mellifera bees fed Apis cerana royal jelly. J. Apic. Science 58: 25-31. 《西方蜜蜂饲喂东方蜜蜂蜂王浆后蜜蜂的选择性剪接的变化》,蜂业科学杂志,2014.

79. Shpigler, H., E. Amsalem, Z.Y. Huang, M. Cohen, A.J. Siegel et al. 2014. Gonadotropic and physiological functions of juvenile hormone in bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) workers. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100650. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100650. 《熊蜂工蜂中保幼激素的促性腺激素和生理功能》,Plos One,2014.

78. Zhu, X., S. Zhou, Z.Y. Huang*. 2014. Transportation and pollination service increase abundance and prevalence of Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Journal of Apicultural Research 53: 469-471. DOI 10.3896/IBRA.1.53.4.06. 《运输和授粉服务提高了蜜蜂Nosema ceranae的丰度和感染率》,蜂业研究杂志,2014.

77. Medved, V., Z.Y. Huang, A. Popadić*. 2014. Ubx promotes corbicular development in Apis mellifera. Biol. Lett. 10: 20131021. [Featured by MSU news, sciencedaily.com]《西蜂中Ubx促进蜜蜂的花粉篮发育》 ,生物技术通讯,2014.

76. Abramson, C.I.*, T. Giray, Z.Y. Huang, X. Xie. 2013. Opportunities for collaborative research with honey bees in Turkey and China. Bulletin of Insectology 66: 315-318.《土耳其和中国开展蜜蜂合作研究的机会》,昆虫学通报,2013

75. Yang, W., H. Kuang, J. Wang, S. Wang, Z. Wu, X. Miao*, Z.Y. Huang*. 2013. Comparative sucrose sensitivity in Apis mellifera and A. cerana foragers. PLoS ONE 8(10): e79026. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079026. 《中华蜜蜂和西方蜜蜂采集蜂蔗糖敏感性的比较》,Plos one,2013

74. Shi, Y.Y., L.X. Sun, Z.Y. Huang; X.B. Wu, Y.Q. Zhu, H.J. Zheng; Z.J. Zeng*. 2013. A SNP based high-density linkage map of Apis cerana reveals a high recombination rate similar to Apis mellifera. PLoS ONE 8(10): e76459. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0076459. 《基于SNP的东方蜜蜂高密度连锁图谱揭示了与西方蜜蜂相似的高重组率》,Plos one,2013

73. Luo, C.W., Z.Y. Huang, K. Li, X.M. Chen*, Y. Chen, Y. Sun. 2013. EAG responses of Apis cerana to floral compounds of a biodiesel plant, Jatropha curcas. J. Econ. Entomol. 106(4): 1653-1658.《东方蜜蜂对麻疯树花香化合物的EAG反应》,经济昆虫学报,2013

72. Li, W.F., Z.Y. Huang, F. Liu, Z.G. Li, L.M. Yan, S. Zhang, B.X. Zhong, S.K. Su*. 2013. Molecular cloning and characterization of juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase in Apis mellifera and its expression profile during the caste differentiation. PLoS ONE 8(7): e68544. doi:10.1371 /journal.pone.0068544. 《蜜蜂保幼激素甲基转移酶的分子克隆,鉴定及其在级型分化中的表达谱》,Plos one,2013

71. Milbrath, M.O. $, X. Xie$, Z.Y. Huang*. 2013. Nosema ceranae induced mortality in honey bees (Apis mellifera) depends on infection methods. J. Invertebrate Pathology. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S0022201113000773.《微孢子对蜜蜂的致死性取决于感染方法》,无脊椎动物病理学,2013

70. Wegener, J., Z.Y. Huang, M. W. Lorenz, J.I. Lorenz, K. Bienefeld*, 2013. New insights into the roles of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroids in honey bee reproduction. Journal of Insect Physiology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.04.006.《保幼激素和蜕皮激素在蜜蜂繁殖中的作用的新见解》,昆虫生理学,2013

69. Goblirsch, M., Z.Y. Huang, M. Spivak*. 2013. Physiological and behavioral changes in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) induced by Nosema ceranae infection: A potential detractor of social resiliency. PLoS ONE 8(3): e58165. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0058165. 《微孢子虫感染引起的蜜蜂的生理和行为变化:社会适应力的潜在降低因素》,Plos one,2013

68. Shi, Y.Y., W.Y. Yan, Z.Y. Huang, Z. L. Wang, X.B. Wu, Z.J. Zeng*. 2012. Genomewide analysis indicates that queen larvae have lower methylation levels in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Naturwissenschaften DOI 10.1007/s00114-012-1004-3. 《全基因组分析表明西方蜜蜂蜂王幼虫的甲基化水平较低》,自然科学,2012

67. Wang, Z.L., T.T. Liu, Z.Y. Huang, B.W. Xiao, W.Y. Yan, Z.J. Zeng*. 2012. Transcriptome analysis of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana cerana. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47954. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047954. 《亚洲蜜蜂的转录组分析》,Plos one,2012

66. Luo, C.W., K. Li, X.M. Chen*, Z.Y. Huang. 2012. Ants contribute significantly to the pollination of a biodiesel plant, Jatropha curcas. Environmental Entomology, 41: 1163-1168. 《蚂蚁对麻疯树的授粉有较大贡献》,环境昆虫,2012

65. Li, L., F. Liu, W. Li, Z. Li, J. Pan, L. Yan, S. Zhang, Z.Y. Huang*, S. Su*. 2012. Differences in MicroRNAs and their expressions between foraging and dancing honey bees, Apis mellifera L. Journal of Insect Physiology 58: 1438–1443. 《采集蜂和跳舞蜂之间的微小RNA表达差异》,昆虫生理学,2012

64. Ahn, K., X. Xie, J. Riddle, J. Pettis, Z.Y. Huang*. 2012. Effects of long distance transportation on honey bee physiology. Psyche. doi:10.1155/2012/193029. 《长途运输对蜜蜂生理的影响》,精神,2012

63. Shi, Y.Y., X.B. Wu, Z.Y. Huang, Z.L. Wang, W.Y. Yan, Z.J. Zeng*. 2012. Epigenetic modification of gene expression in honey bees by heterospecific gland secretions. PLoS One, 7(8):e43727. 《异种腺体分泌物对蜜蜂基因表达的表观遗传修饰》,Plos one,2012

62. Huang, Z.Y. 2012. Pollen nutrition affects honey bee stress resistance. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 5: 1–15 (Invited review). 《花粉营养影响蜜蜂抗逆性》,陆生节肢动物评论,2012

61. Liu, Z.Y., Z.L. Wang, W.Y Yan, X.B. Wu, Z.J. Zeng*, Z.Y. Huang*. 2012. The sex determination gene shows no founder effect in the giant honey bee, Apis dorsata. PLoS ONE 7(4): e34436. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034436. 《性别决定基因在大蜜蜂中没有岛屿效应》,Plos one,2012

60. Shi, Y.Y., Z.Y. Huang*, Z.J. Zeng*, Z.L. Wang, X.B. Wu, W.Y. Yan. 2011. Diet and cell size both affect queen-worker differentiation through DNA methylation in honey bees (Apis mellifera, Apidae). PLoS ONE 6(4): e18808. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0018808. 《食物和空间大小可以通过DNA甲基化影响雌性蜜蜂的级型分化》,PLOS ONE,2011.

59. Slone, J.D., T.L. Stout, Z.Y. Huang, S.S. Schneider. 2011. The influence of drone physical condition on the likelihood of receiving vibration signals from worker honey bees, Apis mellifera. Insectes Sociaux DOI 10.1007/s00040-011-0195-5. 《雄蜂体征影响接受工蜂震动信号的概率》,社会昆虫,2011.

58. Leniaud, L., E. Darrouzet, K. Ahn, F. Dedeine, Z.Y. Huang, A.-G. Bagneres. 2011. Ontogenic potentialities of the worker caste in two sympatric subterranean termites. Evolution and Development. 13: 138-148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00464.x 《两种同域地下白蚁的工蚁个体发育潜力》,进化与发育,2011.

57. Luo C.W., Z. Y. Huang, X. M. Chen, K. Li, Y. Chen, Y. Y. Sun. 2011. Contribution of diurnal and nocturnal insects to the pollination of Jatropha curcas in Southwest China. J. Economic Entomology. 104: 149-154 DOI: 10.1603/EC10265 《白昼和黑夜活动昆虫对中国西南部麻疯树的授粉贡献》,经济昆虫学,2011.

56. Tibbetts, E.A., A. Izzo, Z.Y. Huang. 2010. Behavioral and physiological factors associated with juvenile hormone in Polistes wasp queens. Behav Ecol Sociobiol, DOI 10.1007/s00265-010-1126-6 《马蜂蜂王的行为和生理与保幼激素的联系》,行为生态学和社会生物学,2010.

55. Tibbetts, E. A., Z.Y. Huang. 2010. The challenge hypothesis in an insect: juvenile hormone is associated with reproductive conflict following queen loss in Polistes wasps. The American Naturalist 176: 123-130 《昆虫挑战性假设:马蜂蜂王缺失后,保幼激素与生殖竞争有相关》,美国博物学家,2010.

54. Chen, Y.P., Z.Y. Huang. 2010. Nosema ceranae, a newly identified pathogen of Apis mellifera in the U.S. and Asia. Apidologie 41: 364-374 (Invited review) 《中蜂微孢子,美国和亚洲西蜂的新病原》,养蜂学,2010.

53. Izzo A, M. Wells, Z. Huang, Z, E. Tibbetts. 2009. Cuticular hydrocarbons correlate with fertility, not dominance, in a paper wasp, Polistes dominulus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 64: 857–864, doi:10.1007/s00265-010-0902-7 《长脚蜂表皮的烃类化合物与繁殖力有关, 与支配地位无关》,行为生态学和社会生物学,2009.

52. Johnson, R.M., Z.Y. Huang, M.R. Berenbaum. 2009. Role of detoxification in Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) tolerance of the miticide tau-fluvalinate. International J Acarology, 36: 1-6
《解毒作用在大蜂螨对氟胺氰菊酯类杀虫剂的耐受力中的功用》,国际蜂螨学,2009.

51. Navajas, M., D.L. Anderson, J. Clement, Z.Y. Huang, T. Zhou, L.I. de Guzman, Y. Le Conte. 2009. New Asian types of Varroa destructor represent new threats for world apiculture. Apidologie 40: 181-193《大蜂螨的新的亚洲基因型造成对全球养蜂业的新威胁》,养蜂学,2009.

50. Du, Y., Y. Nomura, Z. Liu, Z.Y. Huang, K. Dong. 2009. Functional expression of an arachnid sodium channel reveals residues responsible for tetrodotoxin resistance in invertebrate sodium channels. J Biol. Chem. 284: 33869-75 《蜘蛛纲钠离子通道的功能表达揭示出无脊椎动物钠离子通道对河豚毒素抗性的残基》,生物化学杂志,2009.

49. Wegener, J., Z.Y. Huang, M.W. Lorenz, K. Bienefeld. 2009. Regulation of hypopharyngeal gland activity and oogenesis in honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers. Journal of Insect Physiology 55:716-725 《工蜂王浆腺活性和卵原发生的调控》,昆虫生理学,2009.

48. Kou, R., S.-Y. Chou, Z.Y. Huang, R.-L. Yang. 2008. Juvenile hormone levels are increased in winners of cockroach fights. Hormones and Behavior 54: 521-527 《获胜蟑螂体内保幼激素浓度会提高》,激素与行为,2008.

47. Kou, R., H.-W. Chang, Z.Y. Huang, R.-L. Yang. 2008. Pheromone, juvenile hormone, and social status in the male lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 68: 144-155 《雄性中华蟑螂中性息素、保幼激素及社会地位》,昆虫生物化学与生理学文献,2008.

46. Duan,, J.J, M. Marvier, J. Huesing, G. Dively, Z.Y. Huang. 2008. A meta-analysis of effects of Bt crops on honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). PLOS ONE 3(1): e1415. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0001415 《Bt-玉米花粉对蜜蜂(膜翅目,蜜蜂科)的影响》,PLOS ONE,2008.

45.Chow, S.-Y, Z.Y. Huang , S.-C. Chen, R.-L. Yang, R. Kou. 2007. Antenna contact and agonism in the male lobster cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea. Hormones and Behavior 52: 252-260 《中华蟑螂雄性个体的触角接触与对抗性》,激素与行为,2007.

44. Wharton, K.E., F.C. Dyer, Z.Y. Huang, T. Getty. 2007. The role of the honey bee queen in regulating colony drone production. Behavioral Ecology 18: 1092-1099 (featured in Science) 《蜂王在蜂群中控制雄蜂生产的作用》,行为生态学和社会生物学,2007.

43. Cho, S., Z. Y. Huang, J. Zhang. 2007. Sex-specific splicing of the honey bee doublesex gene reveals 300 million years of evolution at the bottom of the insect sex-determination pathway. Genetics 177:1733-41 《doublesex的性别特异性剪接揭示昆虫性别决定路径有3亿年的进化史》,遗传学,2007.

42. Liu, Z., J. Tan, Z.Y. Huang, K. Dong. 2006. Effect of a fluvalinate-resistance-associated sodium channel mutation from varroa mites on cockroach sodium channel sensitivity to fluvalinate, a pyrethroid insecticide. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 36: 885-889 《蜂螨的与氟胺氰菊酯的抗性有关的钠离子通道突变在蟑螂的钠离子通道中,对氟胺氰菊酯的抗性影响》,昆虫生物化学与分子生物学,2006.

41. Cho, S., Z.Y. Huang, D.R. Green, D.R. Smith, and J. Zhang. 2006. Evolution of the complementary sex-determination gene of honey bees: balancing selection and trans-species polymorphisms. Genome Research 16: 1366-1375 《蜜蜂互补性别决定基因的进化:平衡选择与种间多态性》,基因组研究,2006.

40. Huang, Z.Y., J. Zhao, L. Zhou, Y. Qin.. 2006. Electronic monitoring of feeding behavior of Varroa mites on honey bees. Journal of Apicultural Research 45(3): 157–158 《大蜂螨在蜜蜂身上取食行为的电子监控》,养蜂研究杂志,2006.

39. Zeng, Z., Z.Y. Huang, Y. Qin and H. Pang.. 2005. Hemolymph juvenile hormone titers in worker honey bees under normal and pre-swarming conditions. Journal of Economic Entomology 98: 274-278 《正常蜂群和分蜂群中工蜂血淋巴中的保幼激素浓度》,经济昆虫学杂志,2005.

38. Tan, J., Z. Liu, R. Wang, Z. Y. Huang, A.C. Chen, M. Gurevitz, K. Dong. 2005. Identification of amino acid residues that are critical for pyrethroid binding to an insect sodium channel. Molecular Pharmacology 67: 513-522 《在昆虫钠离子通道结合中起关键作用的氨基酸残基的鉴定》,分子医药学,2005.

37. Leoncini, I., Y. Le Conte, G. Costagliola, E. Plettner, A.L. Toth, M. Wang, Z. Huang, J-M. Bécard, D. Crauser, K.N. Slessor, G.E. Robinson. 2004. Regulation of behavioral maturation in honey bees by a new primer pheromone. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA 101: 17561-17564. [cited in Science, Science News, MSU news, Medical Daily etc] 《一种新的启动外激素对蜜蜂行为成熟发育的调节》,美国科学院院报,2004.

36. Schneider, S.S., L. A. Lewis, Z. Y. Huang.. 2004. The vibration signal and juvenile hormone titers in worker honey bees, Apis mellifera. Ethology 110: 977-985 《意大利蜜蜂中的震动信号和保幼激素》,动物行为学,2004.

35. Huang, Z.Y., A.V. Hanley, W. Pett, J.J. Duan. 2004. Field and semi-field evaluation of impacts of transgenic canola pollen on survival and development of worker honey bees. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1517-1523 《转基因油菜花粉对蜜蜂工蜂的存活和发育影响的田间和半田间评估》,经济昆虫学杂志,2004.

34. Zhou, T., D.L. Anderson, Z.Y. Huang, S. Huang, J. Yao, T. Ken, Q. Zhang. 2004. Identification of Varroa mites infesting Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in China. Apidologie 35: 645-654 《意大利蜜蜂和中华蜜蜂蜂群中大蜂螨的分子鉴定》,养蜂学,2004.

33. Lin, H., C. Dusset, Z.Y. Huang. 2004. Short-term changes in juvenile hormone titres in honey bee workers due to stress. Apidologie 35: 319-327 《压力下蜜蜂工蜂保幼激素的快速变化》,养蜂学,2004.

32. Hanley, A.V., Z.Y. Huang, W. Pett. 2003. Effect of transgenic Bt corn pollen on larval development of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.). Journal of Apicultural Research 42: 77-81 《喂食转基因Bt玉米花粉对蜜蜂幼虫和巢虫发育的影响》,养蜂研究杂志,2003.

31. Wang, R., Z.Y. Huang, K. Dong. 2003. Molecular characterization of an arachnid sodium channel gene from the varroa mite (Varroa destructor). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 33: 733-739 《大蜂螨钠离子通道基因的分子特性描述》,昆虫生化与分子生物学,2003.

30. Huang, Z.Y., J.H. Fewell. 2002. Modeling insect societies: from genes to colony behavior. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17: 403-404 《模拟昆虫社会:从基因到群体行为》,生态和进化进展,2002.

29. Wang, R., Z. Liu, K. Dong, P.J. Elzen, J. Pettis, Z.Y. Huang. 2002. Association of novel mutations in a sodium channel gene with fluvalinate resistance in the varroa mite, Varroa destructor. Journal of Apicultural Research 40: 17-25 《钠离子通道基因中新的突变与大蜂螨对氟胺氰菊酯抗性有相关》,养蜂研究杂志,2002.

28. Schulz, D.S., M.J. Vermiglio, Z.Y. Huang, G.E. Robinson. 2002. Effects of colony food shortage on social interactions in honey bee colonies. Insectes Sociaux 49: 50-55 《蜂群中食物的短缺对蜜蜂社会交往的影响》,Insectes Sociaux,2002.

27. Beshers, S.N., Z.Y. Huang, Y. Oono, G.E. Robinson. 2001. Social inhibition and the regulation of temporal polyethism in honey bees. Journal of Theoretical Biology 213: 461-479 《社会抑制与行为发育的调控》,理论生物学杂志,2001.

26. Pearce, A.N., Z.Y. Huang, M.D. Breed. 2001. Juvenile hormone and aggression in honey bees. Journal of Insect Physiology 47: 1243-1247 《保幼激素与蜂群的攻击行为》,昆虫生理学杂志,2001.

25. Jassim, O., Z.Y. Huang, G.E. Robinson. 2000. Juvenile hormone profiles of worker honey bees during normal and accelerated behavioral development. Journal of Insect Physiology 46: 243-249 《正常和加速行为发育的工蜂中的保幼激素的浓度变化》,昆虫生理学杂志,2000.

24. Bloch, G., D.W. Borst, Z.-Y. Huang, G.E. Robinson, A. Hefetz. 2000. Haemolymph JH titer, biosynthesis rates, ovarian development and the social environment in Bombus terrestris. Journal of Insect Physiology 46: 46-57 《熊蜂的保幼激素、生物合成率、卵巢发育和社会环境》,昆虫生理学杂志,2000.

23. Giray, T., Z.-Y. Huang, G.E. Robinson. 1999. Endocrine basis of genetic differences for behavioral development in honey bees. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 47: 17-28
《蜂群中不同激素水平与行为发育》,生态行为学与生物社会学,1999.

22. Huang, Z.-Y., E. Plettner, G.E. Robinson. 1998. Effect of social environment and mandibular gland removal on division of labor in worker honey bees. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 183: 143-152 《社会环境和切除上颚腺对蜜蜂社会分工的影响》,比较生理学杂志B辑,1998.

21. Pankiw, T., Z.-Y. Huang, M.L. Winston, G.E. Robinson. 1998. Queen mandibular gland pheromone influences worker honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) juvenile hormone titers and foraging ontogeny. Journal of Insect Physiology 44: 685-692 《蜂王上颚腺对工蜂保幼激素和哺育能力的影响》,昆虫生理学杂志,1998.

20. Schulz, D.J., Z.-Y. Huang, G.E. Robinson. 1998. Effect of colony food shortage on the behavioral development of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 42: 295-303 《蜂群食物储存对蜜蜂行为的发展的影响》,行为生态和生物社会学,1998.

19. Robinson, G.E., Z.-Y. Huang. 1998. Colony integration in honey bees: genetic, endocrine, and social control of division of labor. Apidologie 29: 159-170 (Invited review) 《蜜蜂群体整合:社会分工的遗传,内分泌和社会调控》,养蜂学,1998.

18. Trumbo, S.T., Z.-Y. Huang, G.E. Robinson. 1997. Division of labor between undertaker specialists and other middle age workers in honey bee colonies. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 41: 151-163 《蜜蜂清尸蜂和其它中年蜂的劳动分工》,行为生态和生物社会学,1997.

17. Cnaani, J., D.W. Borst, Z.-Y. Huang, G.E. Robinson, A. Hefetz. 1997. Caste determination in Bombus terrestris: differences in larval development and rates of JH biosynthesis. Journal of Insect Physiology 43: 373-381 《熊蜂的级型分化:幼虫发育和保幼激素合成率的不同》,昆虫生理学,1997.

16. Huang, Z.-Y., G.E. Robinson. 1996. Regulation of honey bee division of labor by colony age demography. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 39: 147-158 《蜜蜂社会分工通过蜂群体的年龄结构来调节》,行为生态学与社会生物学,1996.

15. Bloch, G., D. W. Borst, Z.-Y. Huang, G.E. Robinson, A. Hefetz. 1996. Effects of social conditions on juvenile hormone-mediated reproductive development in Bombus terrestris workers. Physiological Entomology 21: 257-267 《熊蜂社会环境对通过保幼激素调节的繁殖发育的影响》,昆虫生理学,1996.

14. Huang, Z.-Y., G.E. Robinson. 1995. Seasonal changes in juvenile hormone in worker honey bees. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 165: 18-28 《蜜蜂工蜂保幼激素的季节变化》,比较生理学杂志B辑,1995.

13. Robinson, G.E., R.E. Page, Z.-Y. Huang. 1994. Temporal polyethism in social insects is a developmental process. Animal Behavior 48: 467-469 《社会性昆虫的行为多样性是一个发育过程》,动物行为,1994.

12. Huang, Z.-Y., G.E. Robinson, D.W. Borst. 1994. Physiological correlates of division of labor among similarly aged honey bees. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 174: 731-739 《与同龄蜜蜂的社会分工相关的生理指标》,比较生理学杂志A辑,1994.

11. Goodman, W.G., Z.-Y. Huang, G.E. Robinson, C. Strambi, A. Strambi. 1993. A comparison of two juvenile hormone radioimmunoassays. Archives of Insect Biochemistry & Physiology 23: 147-152 《保幼激素两种放射免疫法之比较》,昆虫生物化学与生理学,1993.

10. Huang, Z.-Y., G.E. Robinson. 1992. Honey bee colony integration: Worker-worker interactions mediate plasticity in endocrine and behavioral development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89: 11726-11729 (cited in the text book “Animal Behavior” by J. Alcock)《蜜蜂群体整合:工蜂间的互动调节内分泌和行为发育的可塑性》,美国科学院院报,1992.

9. Robinson, G.E., C. Strambi, A. Strambi, Z.-Y. Huang. 1992. Reproduction in worker honey bees is associated with low juvenile hormone titres and rates of biosynthesis. General & Comparative Endocrinology 87: 471-480 《工蜂的繁殖与低幼激素浓度和生物合成率相关》,遗传和比较内分泌学,1992.

8. Huang, Z.-Y., G.E. Robinson, S.S. Tobe, K.J. Yagi, C. Strambi, A. Strambi, B. Stay. 1991. Hormonal regulation of behavioral development in the honey bee is based on changes in the rate of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. Journal of Insect Physiology 37: 733-741
《蜜蜂行为发育的激素控制是以幼激素的生物合成率的变化为基础的》,昆虫生理杂志,1991.

7. Huang, Z.-Y., G.W. Otis. 1991. Inspection and feeding of larvae by worker honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Effect of starvation and food quantity. Journal of Insect Behavior 4: 305-317《工蜂对幼虫的检查和喂养:饥饿和食品数量的影响》,昆虫行为杂志,1991.

6. Huang, Z.-Y., G.W. Otis. 1991. Non-random visitation of brood cells by worker honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 4: 177-184 《工蜂对巢房的探访不是随机的》,昆虫行为杂志,1991.

5. Huang, Z.-Y., C.O. Knowles. 1991. Nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in honey bee (Apis mellifera) brain. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology C 97: 275-281 《蜜蜂脑中的烟酸类和毒蕈碱类的乙酰胆碱受体》,比较生物化学与生理学C,1991.

4. Huang, Z.-Y., C.O. Knowles. 1990. Properties of a quinuclidinyl benzilate binding component in the bulb mite. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology C 95: 71-77 《大蜂螨中的与三苯乙醇酸奎宁结合物的属性》,比较生物化学与生理学C,1990.

3. Huang, Z.-Y. 1990. A simple in vivo bioassay for estimating the hypopharyngeal gland activity in honeybees (Apis mellifera L, Apidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Apicultural Research 29: 75-81 《一种简单的测定蜜蜂王浆腺的活性的体外生物测定法》,养蜂研究杂志,1990.

2. Huang, Z.-Y., G.W. Otis, P.E.A. Teal. 1989. Nature of brood signal activating the protein synthesis of hypopharyngeal gland in honey bees, Apis mellifera (Apidae: Hymenoptera). Apidologie 20: 455-464 《激活蜜蜂王浆腺蛋白质合成的蜂子信号的性质》,养蜂学,1989.

1. Huang, Z.-Y., G.W. Otis. 1989. Factors determining hypopharyngeal gland activity of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Insectes Sociaux 36: 264-276 《决定工蜂王浆腺活性的因素》,社会性昆虫,1989.

专利:

Huang, Z.Y. 2002. “Method and apparatus for control of mites in a beehive,” US Patent #6,475,061。 控制大蜂螨的方法和设置。美国专利号6475061, 2002.

主要学术成绩

西方蜜蜂( Apis mellifera)是对人类最有益的昆虫。在美国,每年由于授粉而增加的农业产值达190亿美元之多(Morseand Calderone, 2001)。研究蜜蜂的社会行为,可使人类能更科学地管理蜜蜂,为农业生产服务。研究蜜蜂的病虫害生物学及其防治,能使蜜蜂蜂群更健康。因此,蜜蜂的行为和病虫害防治研究一直是国际上基础研究和应用研究的热门课题。在过去十多年来,黄智勇作为主要研究人员或项目主持人,完成了多个国家研究项目。所取得的成果概述如下:

1. 建立“社会抑制”模型,鉴定出动物中第四个启动外激素。

蜜蜂社会行为的主要基础是“年龄分工”,即不同日龄的工蜂在蜂群中做不同的工作。多年的工作经验使黄智勇知道,以哺育蜂为代表的内勤蜂与以采集蜂为代表的外勤蜂的生理状态有很大的差别,而且这种差别多半是由保幼激素(JH)来影响或控制的。但是,工蜂保幼激素究竟是通过巢内的何种信息来调控的,长期以来一直是一个谜。借用发育生物学上常用的方法,将工蜂单个隔离饲养,发现工蜂的保幼激素和行为发育都提前发育,在七天内成为“采集蜂”(有高的JH浓度,并在蜂群表现采集行为)。又采用“移植”采集蜂的方法,发现在“同龄蜂群”(由刚羽化的工蜂与蜂王组成的,不带采集蜂的蜂群)中5-7天能产生“早熟”采集蜂的现象,可以因为外来移植进来的采集蜂而受到抑制。根据这些实验结果,黄和Robinson(1992)在PNAS上发表一个模型,认为工蜂从哺育蜂到采集蜂的行为发育主要是由蜂群内采集蜂与哺育蜂的比例来调节的。采集蜂身上有一种“抑制素”,能抑制别的工蜂体内保幼激素的合成,而在抑制素缺失或不够的条件下,工蜂的“激动素”(JA)浓度就会自发的上升,使工蜂成为采集蜂。在不同蜂群条件下,工蜂的发育会由于抑制素的多少而决定其是否正常、提前或延迟发育成哺育蜂。其后,黄智勇又用试验验证了这个模型的主要预测,实验结果都与模型符合(Huangand Robinson,1996)。进一步的试验证明,“抑制素”是一种非挥发性的物质,工蜂之间的直接接触传递最有效,而工蜂之间通过相互饲喂也能传递部分信息(Huang et al,1998)。最近,抑制素的化学成份终于被鉴定出来为油酸乙酯(ethyl oleate)。试验表明,油酸乙酯在采集蜂的蜜囊中比哺育蜂中高很多倍,人为给工蜂喂食油酸乙酯能延迟它们的采集日龄(Leonciniet al, 2004)。在昆虫中, 已鉴定出分子结构的触发(releaser)外激素已上千种,而启动(primer)外激素则是所有动物中的第四个.

以上研究结果发表在PNAS(1992,89:11726-11729; 2004,101:17561-17564),Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (1996, 39:147-158)和Journal of comparative Physiology B (1998, 183:143-152)上。其中,1992年的PNAS文章在学术界引起很大反响,J. Alcock的“动物行为”教材中引用了1992年的文章。 同时引起社会昆虫学中很多新的研究(如电脑模型的模拟,新模型的建立等),引用次数超过500次。2004年的PNAS文章作为封面故事发表, 被认为是社会昆虫学领域的重要发现.

2.开展了保幼激素在蜜蜂社会分工中的功能分析

蜜蜂工蜂的行为发育是由血淋巴中的保幼激素(JH)的浓度决定的。哺育蜂的JH浓度低,采集蜂的JH浓度高,因此,黄智勇通过开展JH在蜜蜂的社会分工中的功能研究,取得如下成果:

2.1. 发现保幼激的合成率的变化是改变JH浓度 的主要原因

以前知道JH浓度的改变可以影响行为的改变,但是血淋巴中的浓度可能是由于合成、降解或排泄等原因而转变。黄智勇将别的昆虫中常用的“放射化学”法第一次用于蜜蜂身上,证明蜜蜂保幼激素的合成率的高低与行为发育的程度成正相关。研究结果发表在J.Insect Physiology (1991, 37:733-741)上。此文也同时奠定了以后用放射化学法测定蜜蜂JH生物合成的基础。

2.2. 明确了工蜂在不受蜂王和幼虫抑制时繁殖的生理机理

蜜蜂的工蜂在正常情况下卵巢不发育,因为受到蜂王和幼虫的抑制。当蜂王和幼虫不存在时,工蜂卵巢开始发育,还可以产卵成为雄蜂。工蜂繁殖的生理机理并不清楚。黄智勇研究证明,产卵工蜂的血淋巴中JH比采集蜂低,同时,JH的合成率也低。经保幼激素处理过的工蜂卵巢发育也受到抑制。文章发表在Generaland Comparative Endocrinology上(1992, 87:471-480)。

2.3. 弄清了同龄工蜂中社会分工的生理机制

蜜蜂工蜂除了因为行为发育形成的年龄分工外,同样年龄的工蜂中也有分工现象,例如,中等年龄的工蜂中有守卫蜂、清尸蜂、泌蜡蜂或储蜜蜂,而这些蜜蜂通过什么机制能够使它们虽然年龄相同,但是分工不同呢?研究发现,守卫蜂和清尸蜂的JH浓度或合成率都高(与采集蜂类似),而泌蜡蜂和储蜜蜂虽同样日龄,å…¶JH浓度或合成率却都低。在年幼的工蜂中,工蜂哺育蜂与蜂王哺育的JH相同,都低,而采集蜂中的采粉蜂、采蜜蜂、采水蜂的JH也相同,都高。这组实验首次阐明JH在同龄蜂中,尤其是中等年龄的蜂中,对其社会分工起调控作用。这个研究同是也是黄智勇第一次用高特异性的抗体,用”放射免疫”法测定蜜蜂的JH。此方法现在已成为文测定蜜蜂JH浓度的标准方法。研究结果发表在Journalof Comparative Physiology上 (1994, 174:731-739).

2.4.发现工蜂保幼激素随季节和蜂群条件而变化

人为地调节保幼激素(JH)的浓度,可以影响工蜂行为发育的速度。但是,在正常蜂群中工蜂的JH浓度是否随其它条件,如季节、蜂群条件而变化呢?实验表明,秋天采集蜂停止采集后,随着气温降低,采集蜂和幼蜂的JH浓度和合成率都会降低。人为的将蜂群在夏天的时候移到冷冻仓,JH在第8天时也有显著降低;说明蜜蜂可能是根据温度,而不是根据光照周期,来调节JH。春天时工蜂的JH又上升,最后成为采集蜂。研究发现,蜂群条件的改变也能调节JH的浓度。在同龄蜂群中(所有工蜂同一天羽化,singlecohortcolony),在工蜂没有成为早熟采集蜂之前,JH的浓度有显著提高。另外,在蜂群拥挤的情况下(蜂群分蜂的先决条件),JH浓度的上升有所延缓,从而使将要分蜂的工蜂延迟发育,使分蜂群中的工蜂在生理上比较年轻,从而适应新分蜂群中工蜂需要较长时间哺育幼蜂的情况。

以上研究结果分别发表在Journal of Comparative Physiology B(1995, 165:18-28) , Journal of Insect Physiology (2000, 46:243-249) 和Journal ofEconomic Entomology (2005, 98:274-278)上。

2.5. 明确了保幼激素浓度与振幼舞及凶猛程度的关系

如前所述,保幼激素(JH)可以受很多因素的影响而产生变化。工蜂有一种振幼舞(vibrational dance),主要是起号召作用,即让被振动的工蜂增加工作量,主要在久雨未晴后当天气变好时,或者是在分群飞行前,此行为大量增加。黄智勇设想这个舞可能能够快速地使JH浓度增加,从而增加工蜂的活动程度。事实证明黄智勇的假说是正确的,工蜂被振动以后的15-30分钟内,JH浓度比对照蜂(在5-30分钟内没有被振动)显著提高。黄智勇还推测JH的提高可能与工蜂的凶猛程度相关。研究发现,冬季蜂和夏季的哺育蜂,两者都具有低的JH浓度,同时对外来蜂的抵抗行为表现率也低。夏季在同一蜂群中,对外来蜂表现凶猛的蜂,其JH浓度也比非凶猛的蜂要高。因此,JH与蜂的凶猛程度有正相关.研究结果发表在J. Insect Physiology (2001, 47:1243-1247)和Ethology(2004,110:977-985)上。

以上研究结果阐明了JH浓度提高的原因和后果,对了解蜜蜂的社会行为起了重大的作用。

3. 开展了转基因植物花粉对蜜蜂及其害虫的影响研究

转基因植物在全世界的种植范围越来越大,但是大部分对蜜蜂这一重要益虫效果的评估仅局限在实验室内用蛋白质进行测定。黄智勇认为,由于插入基因可能有多重效应,或是不同剪接(Alterativesplicing),或是寄主及插入基因的相互作用,因此直接用花粉来测定转基因植物对蜜蜂的影响可能结果更可靠。黄智勇测定了转基因玉米(Cry1A(b),Cry1F)花粉和转基因(抗除草剂)油菜(canola)对蜜蜂的影响,实验证明,在田间实验中,转基因玉米花粉对蜜蜂的幼虫和蛹的存活率、蛹重、以及新羽化蜂的血淋巴蛋白浓度都无显著副作用。相反,Cry1F花粉对一种蜜蜂害虫大蜡螟却有很好的防治作用(杀死率100%)。在两年的田间实验中,黄智勇没有发现转基因油菜花粉对蜜蜂的幼虫存活率、蛹存活率、蛹重,及新羽化蜂的血淋巴蛋白浓度等有副作用。这些实验提出一个新的评估模式,将影响以后对转基因植物的更全面的评估。研究结果发表在J.Apicultural Research (2003, 42:77-78)和J. Economic Entomology(2004, 97:1517-1523)上。

4. 大蜂螨对除虫菊脂的抗药性机制,在中国的分子分类,及其防治的研究

大蜂螨是公认的、世界性的、蜜蜂上最大的害虫。大蜂螨近几年对自1991年开始使用的一种除虫菊脂(fluvalinate,氟胺氰菊脂)产生抗性,但其抗性机制不清楚。因为所有除虫菊脂类药物的靶标都是钠离子通道,黄智勇设想蜂螨的抗性是由于钠离子通道的基因改变,从而改变钠离子通道蛋白与除虫菊脂的结合性而产生的。通过长时间的努力,董柯和黄智勇的研究小组合作首次将蛛形纲动物(Arachnid)中钠离子通道的全基因克隆并测序。蜂螨的钠离子通道(VmNa)cDNA有6645个碱基,2215个氨基酸,推算出的氨基酸序列与果蝇的相似度为51%,与哺乳动物的Nav1.6基因的相似度为41%。她们发现,有四个突变可能与蜂螨的抗药性有关,即F758L,L826P,I982V和M1055I(数字为氨基酸位置, 第一个字母为原氨基酸, 后一个字母为突变后的氨基酸)。经过多年的艰苦努力, 最近终于将蜂螨的钠离子通道基因在蛙卵(zenopus)中表达出来,从而为更进一步在体外测定其药理特性打下了基础。结果发表在J.Apicultural Research (2002, 40:17-25)和Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2003, 33: 733-739)上。

与国内(周婷,黄双修)、澳大利亚科学家(Denis Anderson)一起合作,运用线粒体DNA分子标记对大蜂螨进行了分类学研究,首次探明了在中国西方蜜蜂和东方蜜蜂上的大蜂螨均为敌斯大蜂螨( Varroa destructor),而普遍以为危害方蜜蜂的雅氏大蜂螨( Varroa jacobsoni), 反而根本不存在.她们还发现一种新的基因型,定名为China2. 这些结果为国内以后开展大蜂螨的防治和检疫奠定了良好的基础。结果发表在Apidologie(2004, 35: 645-654)上。

很久以来,大家都知道大蜂螨更喜欢雄蜂蜂子,其对雄蜂子的喜好度与对工蜂子的喜好度约为10:1.很多养蜂员都将雄蜂脾放进蜂箱,等封盖后拿出,放在冻箱中将雄蜂子及其上的大蜂螨杀死.黄智勇于2002年发明一种杀大蜂螨的器械,已获得美国专利(专利号#6,475,061)。最近已有公司购买专利的制造权。结果发表在AmericanBee Journal (2001, 141: 730-732)上。

5. 蜜蜂性等位基因的进化生态学研究

蜜蜂的性别是由一种“互补性决定”(Complementary sex determinative,csd)的机制来决定的。双倍体的杂合子成为雌性的,而单倍体成为雄性。但是,当性等位基因是纯合子时,双倍体仍发育成为雄性。而在正常蜂群中,双倍体的雄性会被工蜂吃掉。因此,使工蜂成为杂合子的选择压力很大。一百多年来,这个理论一直是一个假说而已.直到最近,csd的基因才被测序,并最终证明为决定性别的基因(Beye et al, 2003)。由于强大的选择压力, csd应会表现出高度的种内多态性(intraspecificpolymorphism),其等位基因的年龄可能比种的年龄更老。黄及合作者将3种蜜蜂(西方蜜蜂,东方蜜蜂,大蜜蜂)的csd和随机选择的中性基因区的基因序列进行对比,发现:⑴. csd的多态性比中性基因的多态性约高七倍左右;⑵. 基因家谱分析发现,csd有种内多态性,而中性基因没有;⑶. 与低频等位基因优势(rareallele advantage)的预计相符,非同义突变(non-synonymous mutation)在刚出现时是受到正选择压力的。⑷.发现在3种不同的蜜蜂中,每个种都有自己的高变(hyper-variable)重复区域,推测每个种有自己不同的、决定性等位基因特异性的机制。研究论文在2006年蜜蜂基因组的专刊上一起发表(Genome Research 16 : 1366-1375)