16. Carbon dioxide anesthesia reduces virulence of Nosema ceranae in North American A. mellifera. Milbrath, M.O.1, X.B. Xie2, Z.Y. Huang1. Laboratory Animal Science Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China, 2. Department of Entomology, 243 Natural Science, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI, 48824, USA